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Diagnosis Challenge – What Is This “Waterfall Cataract ” Appearance? Sometimes in clinical practice, we encounter a dramatic anterior chamber picture — milky fluid, floating white material, and a hypermature cataract in the background. The answer to this diagnosis challenge is: Waterfall Cataract (Seen in Phacolytic Glaucoma) Although “waterfall cataract” is not an official textbook […]

What is CAIRS keratoplasty? CAIRS stands for Corneal Allogenic Intrastromal Ring Segments. It’s a type of corneal transplant where human donor corneal tissue is placed inside the cornea in a ring-like fashion to strengthen and reshape it. This is a newer form of keratoplasty that uses allogenic (donor) tissue instead of synthetic rings. Corneal Allogenic Intrastromal Ring […]

Multiple choice questions on spherical contact lens fitting- Answers

What is Kaleidoscope Vision? As an optometrist, we often encounter patients with a wide range of visual concerns, but one of the more perplexing and fascinating experiences they describe is “kaleidoscope vision.” This term, evocative of the playful, fragmented patterns we see through a child’s toy, is far from a source of delight for those […]

Learn about buphthalmos, a rare pediatric eye condition marked by enlarged eyeball size due to increased intraocular pressure. Understand its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management in this concise guide for optometry students.

What is Sherrington’s Law of Reciprocal Innervation ? Sherrington’s law states that when an eye moves there is an agonist muscle that contracts tomove the eye and an opposing antagonist that relaxes allowing unopposed free rotation. Forexample on adduction the MR muscle contracts and the LR muscle relaxes. Sherrington’s lawrelates to ductions, which is a […]

Anterior Capsular Phimosis After Cataract Surgery Anterior capsular phimosis—also known as the anterior capsule contraction syndrome—is a postoperative condition characterized by progressive centripetal shrinkage of the anterior capsulorhexis following cataract surgery. If the contraction becomes excessive, it can obstruct the visual axis, alter the effective lens position, and in severe cases, threaten intraocular lens (IOL) […]

Methoxyflurane-Induced Crystalline Retinopathy: A Rare Toxic Retinal Disorder Toxic retinopathies represent a unique and challenging category of retinal diseases, often emerging silently and progressing despite minimal clinical symptoms in early stages. One rare but clinically significant condition in this group is methoxyflurane-induced crystalline retinopathy — a retinal toxicity associated with cumulative exposure to methoxyflurane, an inhalational anesthetic […]

Calcific Band Keratopathy: Key Clinical Insights for Optometrists What is Calcific Band Keratopathy? Calcific Band Keratopathy (CBK) is a degenerative corneal condition characterised by calcium hydroxyapatite deposition in the: The deposits form a horizontal, interpalpebral, band-like opacity across the cornea — hence the name band keratopathy. Why It Matters for Optometrists Optometrists are often the first point of contact for these patients. Recognising CBK […]

Breakthrough in Vision Restoration: The PRIMA Bionic Chip Lets Blind Patients Read Again A revolutionary retinal implant called the PRIMA bionic chip is giving hope to patients with macular degeneration. Read about how this wireless microchip helps the blind see and what experts say about its future. For generations, blindness from retinal degeneration—especially age-related macular […]

Vitreous Cyst: A Rare and Fascinating Ocular Finding A 20-year-old female presented with complaints of floaters in her right eye. On fundus examination, a smooth, pigmented, mobile cystic body was observed near the optic disc — a classic presentation of a vitreous cyst. What makes this case interesting is the absence of any history of […]

Warning against Cosmetic Contact lens From the American Academy of Optometry and the American Academy of Ophthalmology Secretary for Quality of Care This statement applies to anyone who may consider getting contact lenses without a proper prescription and/or without proper contact lens care. Summary Patients using cosmetic (costume, theater, colored, decorative) lenses from stores or […]

In a first-of-its-kind surgery, a team led by a University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) neurosurgeon has successfully removed a rare cancerous tumor wrapped around the spine and spinal cord of a 19-year-old woman – through her eye socket (orbit). Although surgeons use a “transorbital” approach to access tumors in the brain and sinuses, this […]

National Vision Scholarship: National Vision Holdings Inc. has opened submissions for its 2025–2026 annual scholarship program, offering optometry students the chance to earn up to $7,500 in awards. National Vision has announced the opening of applications for its 2025–2026 National Vision Scholarship Program, inviting optometry students to share their perspectives on how emerging technologies are transforming the […]

Parts of Human Eye: Structure, Function, and How We See Image Credit – Smart Biology The human eye is an extraordinary organ that allows us to perceive the world around us. Every part of the eye plays a critical role in vision, working together to focus light and send signals to the brain. Eye LidThe […]